Positioning device for beam radiation treatment and imaging

ABSTRACT

A system and method are disclosed for a patient positioning device for beam radiation therapy and radiological imaging. The system includes a base and a patient support surface coupled to the base, and the patient support surface includes a lower patient support hingedly coupled to the base and an upper support hingedly coupled to the lower patient support. The system also includes a substantially flat hinge that forms a continuous upper surface with an upper support surface of the lower patient support and the lower patient support.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure is related to that disclosed in the U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/152,551, filed Apr. 24, 2015, entitled“Positioning Device for Beam Radiation Treatment and Imaging.” U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/152,551 is assigned to the assignee ofthe present application. The subject matter disclosed in U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/152,551 is hereby incorporated byreference into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein. Thepresent invention hereby claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) toU.S. Provisional Application No. 62/152,551.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure relates generally to a system and method for beamradiation therapy and radiological imaging, and more particularly to aflexible and secure patient-positioning device for radiation therapy andradiological imaging.

BACKGROUND

The trend in cancer treatment is moving toward higher doses of radiationover fewer treatments, advanced imaging techniques like cone beamcomputed tomography (CBCT), and increased beam angles and deliverytechniques such as arching treatments. This trend, however, necessitatesa corresponding increase in the accuracy of patient positioning, andincrease in the optimization of device construction to reduce theattenuation of the beam or obstruction of the imaging issued inconjunction with beam therapy. Currently available patient-positioningdevices have proven inadequate and their inability to accuratelyposition patients has proven undesirable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived byreferring to the detailed description when considered in connection withthe following illustrative figures. In the figures, like referencenumbers refer to like elements or acts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of an exemplary patient positioningdevice according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary patientpositioning device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom view of an exemplary patient positioningdevice according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary patientpositioning device in an open configuration according to an embodiment;

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate an exemplary upper-angle positioning moduleaccording to embodiments;

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate an exemplary patient positioning device with anassortment of exemplary initial-angle positioning modules according toembodiments;

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an exemplary patient positioning device with anassortment of exemplary upper angle positions according to embodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary patient positioning device coupled to atreatment bed according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 illustrates a patient receiving radiological imaging by patientpositioning device;

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary immobilization mask module coupled withan exemplary patient positioning device;

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary immobilization mask coupled with anexemplary patient positioning device;

FIG. 12 illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary clip,immobilization mask, and mask module according to an embodiment;

FIGS. 13A-13B illustrate an exemplary clip coupled with an exemplaryimmobilization mask module according to embodiments; and

FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate a top view of an exemplary neck module coupledto an exemplary immobilization mask module according to embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems and methods for patient positioning during radiation treatmentand applications of the invention presented herein are described belowin the drawings and detailed description of the invention. Unlessspecifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases herein begiven their plain, ordinary, and accustomed meaning to those of ordinaryskill in the applicable arts.

In the following description, and for the purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the various aspects of the invention. It will beunderstood, however, by those skilled in the relevant arts, thatembodiments of the present invention may be practiced without thesespecific details. In other instances, known structures and devices areshown and/or discussed more generally in order to avoid obscuring theinvention. In many cases, a description of the operation is sufficientto enable one of ordinary skill in the applicable art to implement thevarious forms of the invention. It should be appreciated that there aremany different and alternative configurations, devices and technologiesto which the disclosed inventions may be applied. The full scope of thepresent disclosure is not limited to the examples described below.

Embodiments of the following disclosure provide for a dual axis patientpositioning device comprising an easily positionable andradio-translucent treatment couch overlay for radiological treatment andmedical imaging, such as by a radiological therapy device. According toaspects of the disclosure, the patient positioning device comprises oneor more features that provide for increased patient comfort and betterpatient positioning, which increases the efficacy of treatment andimaging. Embodiments of the current invention provide for an indexableand comfortable method to optimize a patient's chin and cranial positionindependently of breasts or chest in a sloped position. According to anaspect, patient positioning device provides for patient positions whichare not available on conventional treatment couch overlays.

Conventional single-axis breast boards result in limited patientpositioning options and make it cumbersome to reposition a patient.Embodiments of the current disclosure provide for increased patientpositioning options by various adjustable modules and a dual-axis hingedesign. According to a further aspect, patient positioning deviceprovides for a couch overlay that may be adjustable by a singletherapist with one hand and even for the largest patients. Embodimentsalso provide positioning attachments for a patient's neck, face, andarms that provide additional patient positioning options and increasedpatient stability.

According to a further aspect, the initial-angle positioning module andupper-angle positioning module provide enhanced stability and reduce oreliminate positional injuries to patients and therapists. Embodimentsalso provide for a lightweight design that can be quickly and securelyadjusted and indexed to maximize treatment requirements and patientcomfort. Nearly all adjustments may be made to the system with thepatient in situ, thereby saving time and maximizing patient comfort andsafety.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first view of the patient-positioning device 100according to an embodiment. The patient positioning device 100 maycomprise one or more of the following: base 102, lower patient support104, upper patient support 106, initial-angle hinge 108, upper-anglehinge 110, initial-angle positioning module 112, upper-angle positioningmodule 114, upper-angle lock knob 116, arm-positioning bolsters 118a-118 b, and arm-positioning hand grips 120 a-120 b.

Base 102 may be coupled to lower patient support 104 by initial-anglehinge 108. Lower patient support 104 may, in turn, be coupled to upperpatient support 106 by upper-angle hinge 110. According to embodiments,the patient positioning device 100 is designed to support and distributethe weight of a patient on the lower patient support 104 and upperpatient support 106. The base 102, lower patient support 104, and upperpatient support 106 may be manufactured from carbon fiber and epoxyresin with a low density foam core.

Additionally, patient positioning device 100 may be used in conjunctionwith patient stop 140, which may provide additional support forpositioning a patient for therapy or imaging. According to someembodiments, patient stop 140 provides a stopping support to prevent apatient from sliding down a treatment table or treatment couch 800 (FIG.8). For example, some treatment tables may need to be inclined toprovide for imaging or treatment of a patient. Patient stop 140 maycouple to treatment couch 800 underneath the buttocks of a patient toprevent the patient from sliding down the inclined treatment couch 800,as will be discussed in more detail below.

Lower patient support 104 may couple with base 102 by initial-anglehinge 108. Initial-angle hinge 108 may comprise one or more hingedelements coupled with base 102 and lower patient support 104 thatprovide for lower patient support 104 to pivot around an axis parallelto base 102 so that lower patient support 104 may be lifted upward andaway from base. According to embodiments, initial-angle hinge 108 maycomprise any suitable mechanism for allowing lower patient support 104to be raised away from base 102 to allow insertion of initial-anglepositioning module 112, such as, for example a flat or butt hinge,spring-loaded hinge, ball-bearing hinge, strap hinge, or any othersuitable positioning device. According to some embodiments,initial-angle hinge 108 may comprise a fiber-reinforced hinge, asdescribed in connection with upper-angle hinge. Description of theinitial-angle hinge 108 and initial-angle positioning module 112 will bedescribed in more detail below.

Upper patient support 106 may couple to the lower patient support 104 byupper-angle hinge 110. Upper-angle hinge 110 may comprise an uppersurface that is substantially continuous with the upper surfaces oflower patient support 104 and upper patient support 106. In this way,the upper surfaces of the lower patient support 104, upper-angle hinge110, and lower patient support 104 form a continuous and flexiblesurface, which increases patient positioning options and patientcomfort.

According to an embodiment, upper-angle hinge 110 may comprise aflexible and resilient material such that when upper-angle positioningmodule 114 is in an unlocked position, upper patient support 106 (andany portion of a patient on the upper patient support 106) may besupported from falling by the force supplied by upper-angle hinge 110.For example, upper-angle hinge 110 may comprise a carbon-fiberreinforced polymer that serves as a flex point and is sufficientlyresilient to counter the weight of a patient placed onto the patientpositioning device 100.

The forces exerted on the upper-angle hinge 110 by the lower patientsupport 104, upper patient support 106, and/or the weight of a patientmay require a sufficiently rigid hinge, while various positioningconfigurations may require an upper-angle hinge 110 with greatflexibility, all while the upper-angle hinge 110 must beradio-translucent and strong. According to some embodiments, upper-anglehinge 110 comprises one or more layers of fiber, such as, for example,two layers, three layers, or any suitable number of layers of fiberencased in, for example, a polymer, resin, or plastic. According to anembodiment, upper-angle hinge 110 comprises a flexible, spring actionthat flexes across an area, instead of at a single axis. Additionally,or in the alternative, upper-angle hinge 110 does not flex at a singleaxis, but curls in the shape of an arc of a circle or an ellipse.

For example, upper-angle hinge 110 may comprise a thin member betweenthe lower patient support 104 and the upper patient support 106 that issubstantially thinner than the lower patient support 104 and upperpatient support 106. According to some embodiments, a width 130 ofupper-angle hinge 110 between lower patient support 104 and upperpatient support 106 is approximately 1.50 inches wide, 1.52 inches wide,or 1.59 inches wide. According to some embodiments, width 130 is betweenapproximately 1 inch and 2 inches wide, between approximately 1.25inches and 1.75 inches wide, or between approximately 1.5 inches and 1.6inches wide. According to some embodiments, upper-angle hinge 110 is anysuitable width 130 sufficient to permit hinged movement between thelower patient support and upper patient support 106.

As just stated, upper-angle hinge 110 may comprise a thin flexiblemember. According to embodiments, lower patient support 104 and upperpatient support 106 comprise a foam board interior that is substantiallythicker than the upper-angle hinge 110, which according to someembodiments does not comprise any foam board. Edges of the lower patientsupport 104 and upper patient support 106 that face the upper-anglehinge 110 may comprise tapered surfaces that support the edges of theupper-angle hinge 110. According to embodiments, upper-angle hinge 110is between approximately 0.5 and 2.0 mm thick, between approximately 1.4to 1.7 mm thick, between approximately 1.5 to 1.6 mm thick. According tosome embodiments, upper-angle hinge 110 is approximately 1.5 mm or 1.6mm thick.

Although particular materials are described in connection with theconstruction of base 102, lower patient support 104, upper patientsupport 106, and upper-angle hinge 110, embodiments contemplate anysuitable polymer or composite, according to particular needs, includingbut not limited to any fiber-reinforced composite comprising KEVLAR,fiber glass, carbon fiber, hemp, or the like. According to someembodiments, upper-angle hinge 110 comprises joining the upper and lowerlayers as a composite structure. For example, portions of the lowerpatient support 104 and upper patient support 106 joined by theupper-angle hinge 110 may be molded as a single piece, such that fibersor filaments in the material extend from a portion on a first side,through a flex point of the upper-angle hinge 110, and into a portion onthe second side. Additionally, according to some embodiments, theportion on the first side and the portion on the second side are moldedtogether in a single mold. For example, fibers may extend from a firstend of the first portion, through the flex point, and into a second endof the second portion. Additionally, or in the alternative, the angle ofa flex point of the upper-angle hinge 110 when molded may be greaterthan the angle of the flex point when attached to the patientpositioning device 100, such that the upper-angle hinge 110 comprises aspring action that naturally elevates the portion of the lower patientsupport 104 or upper patient support 106 that is not in a locked state.

According to some embodiments, the spring action of the upper-anglehinge 110 is controlled by the thickness and geometry of the hinge.Where the upper-angle hinge 110 couples the lower patient support 104and upper patient support 106, the force supplied by the upper-anglehinge may be sufficient to support a portion of a patient's weightplaced on the upper patient support 106. In this way, a technician usingthe patient-positioning device may adjust the upper-angle 602 (See FIGS.6A-6D) without supporting the weight of the patient while theupper-angle positioning module 114 is in an unlocked state. For example,when a patient is placed on the lower patient support and upper patientsupport 106, upper-angle hinge 110 may permit adjustment of one or moreangles of the patient to permit focused and unobstructed treatment orimaging of, for example, the breast or lungs of a patient. Positioningof a patient with respect to the upper-angle 602 will be discussed inmore detail below.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of patient positioning device 100according to an embodiment. Arm positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b, handgrips 120 a-120 b, and neck positioning module 202 may couple to upperpatient support 106. According to embodiments, upper patient support 106comprises one or more positioning holes 206 that provide coupling andadjustment between various configurations of neck-positioning module202, arm-positioning bolsters 116 a-116 b, and arm-positioning handgrips 120 a-120 b. For example, dowels 204 on underside of neckpositioning module 202 may be received by positioning holes 206 toprovide for a secure, removable, adjustable, and repeatable placement ofneck positioning module 202, as described more fully below.Arm-positioning bolsters 116 a-116 b, arm-positioning hand grips 120a-120 b, and additional modules may be coupled to upper patient support106 and lower patient support 104 in a similar manner, according toparticular needs.

Upper patient support 106 may adjustably couple to armatures 210 a-210b. For example, upper patient support 106 may comprise upper-anglepositioning module 114 which comprises upper-angle lock knob 116.Upper-angle lock knob 116 is communicatively coupled to one or more pins212 a-212 b, which are received in one or more apertures 214, one ormore vertical slots 216, and/or one or more horizontal slots 218 inarmatures 210 a-210 b. Turning upper-angle lock knob 116 may control theextension and retraction of the one or more pins 212 a-212 b and therebythe coupling to armatures 210 a-210 b to provide for the adjustment ofthe upper-angle 602 of upper patient support 106 in relation to lowerpatient support 104 and base 102. Armatures 210 a-210 b may couple tobase 102 by one or more armature hinges 220 a-220 b and to each other byhandle 222.

Neck-positioning module 202 may comprise an angled surface that iscontoured to the shape of the back of a patient's neck and head.According to some embodiments, neck-positioning module 202 is movablewith respect to upper patient support 106 to allow proper placement ofthe patient's head and neck with respect to a radiation source.According to some embodiments, neck-positioning module 202 comprisesdowels 204 on either side of the module that are received by positioningholes 206 in the surface of the upper patient support 106. Dowels 204may be inserted into various positioning holes 206 to allow differentpositions of the neck-positioning module with respect to the upperpatient support 106.

Neck-positioning module 202 may removably couple to the upper patientsupport 106 in a variety of positions. Each of the dowels 204 and/orpositioning holes 206 may be indexable so that the neckpositioning-module 202 may be coupled to the upper patient support 106reproducibly in the same location. According to embodiments, neckpositioning module 202 may comprise two dowels 204 (one on each of aleft side and a right side) which may couple to any two positioningholes 206 (one each on a left side and a right side) of the tenpositioning holes 206 on upper patient support 106, which permitsneck-positioning module 202 to adjust between five positions. Althoughneck-positioning module 202 is illustrated as comprising two dowels 204and upper patient support 106 is illustrated as comprising tenpositioning holes 206, embodiments contemplate any number of dowels 204or positioning holes 206, according to particular needs.

Neck positioning module 202 may be shaped to receive the neck and headof a patient and adequately support such positioning for the duration ofa radiation treatment in a comfortable and stable manner. According toembodiments, various configurations and types of neck-positioningmodules 202 may be provided with patient positioning device 100 suchthat patient positioning device 100 may accept patients in a supineposition, patients of different heights or shapes, and patients indifferent positions. According to some embodiments, neck positioningmodules 202 may attach to various types of headrests, such as a geldonut, headrest adaptor, or head and neck immobilization modules (suchas head immobilization module 1000 (FIG. 10)) according to particularneeds.

Ann-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b may comprise an angled uppersurface that slants upward and away from a centerline of the surface ofupper patient support 106 and provide support for the arms of a patient.According to some embodiments, arm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b areprovided as a set of multiple interchangeable sizes to adequatelyposition patients with different sized arms and bodies and/or toposition arms in different positions with respect to the radiationsource or imaging device. According to embodiments, arm-positioningbolsters 118 a-118 b comprise foam pads of different thickness thatprovide different angles and heights to support arms of a patient whilelaying on patient positioning device 100. For example, a thick foam padmay cause the arms of a patient to be pushed toward the patient and inan upward manner. A thin foam pad may cause the arm of a patient to openoutward, and, for example, more easily expose a breast or othertreatment area of a patient for better treatment or imaging. Althoughpatient positioning device 100 is illustrated as comprising twoarm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b, embodiments contemplate anynumber, including zero, arm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b, accordingto particular needs. For example, when patient positioning device 100 isused in conjunction with a vacuum cushion or other accessory, atherapist may wish not to use arm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b toprovide a better fit for a patient.

According to some embodiments, arm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b aremovable with respect to upper patient support 106 and are attached byone or more dowels 204 that couple to positioning holes 206 in thesurface of upper patient support 106. Each of the arm-positioningbolsters 118 a-118 b may be movable in an inferior or superior positionor in any other suitable positions, according to particular needs.

Hand grips 120 a-120 b may provide a gripping support structure to apatient to support the hands during radiation treatment. When treating apatient in the chest or thorax area, the patient's arms usually need tobe out of the way. Hand grips 120 a-120 b provide for allowing thepatient to keep their arms in a stable position out of the way of animage or treatment beam. According to some embodiments, a patient maysupport his or her hands on handle 222.

Hand grips 120 a-120 b may be contoured to provide a comfortablegripping surface. According to some embodiments, hand grips 120 a-120 bare movable with respect to upper patient support 106 and are attachedby insertion of one or more dowels 204 into one or more positioningholes 206 in the surface of upper patient support 106. According toembodiments hand grips 120 a-120 b each comprise one dowel 204 that eachcouple to one of fourteen different positioning holes 206 in the surfaceof upper patient support 106. Although hand grips 120 a-120 b are eachillustrated with a single dowel and upper patient support 106 isillustrated with fourteen positioning holes 206, embodiments contemplateany suitable number of dowels 204 or positioning holes 206 according toparticular needs.

Because each of neck positioning module 202, arm-positioning bolsters118 a-118 b, and hand grips 120 a-120 b may be located in one or morepositions, patient positioning device 100 comprises an indexing systemfor positioning holes 206 that provide a label so that each of neckpositioning module 202, arm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b, and handgrips 120 a-120 b may be removed and replaced in the same position foreach patient. Because patient positioning device 100 may be used for thesame patient over multiple treatment or imaging sessions and fordifferent patients, indexing system provides for a system toreproducibly position the patient positioning device 100 and componentsof the patient positioning device 100 so that positioning may only haveto be determined a first time.

According to some embodiments, patient positioning device 100 comprisesa plurality of vacuum cushion receptacles 224 that receive one or moreprotrusions on a vacuum cushion indexing module 810 (See FIG. 8).According to embodiments, vacuum cushion indexing module 810 comprises aplastic member that couples to lower patient support 104 of patientpositioning device to index and lock in a vacuum cushion. A vacuumcushion provides for increased patient support for various treatment andimaging procedures by molding itself to a particular patient's body.According to embodiments vacuum cushion indexing module 810 provides forreproducibly coupling the vacuum cushion to the patient positioningdevice 100 in substantially the same configuration.

For example, embodiments of the patient positioning device 100 areparticularly effective at positioning a patient for radiologicaltreatment or imaging of a patient's breast, chest, or thorax, includingbreast and lung cancer. According to particular embodiments, patientpositioning device 100 provides for reproducibly producing a setup of apatient during an initial imaging or treatment session during subsequenttreatment sessions, even when the sessions are days, weeks, or monthsapart. For example, during an initial session, a therapist may image apatient to determine the exact location, size, and type of tumor presentin a patient. The therapist may then need an amount of time to develop aplan for treatment. The next patient session may be days, weeks, ormonths later, and embodiments of the patient positioning device 100provide for reproducing the initial setup in an almost exact setupduring subsequent sessions.

To facilitate reproducing the initial setup, embodiments contemplateproviding an indexing system that reproducibly locates everypositionable component of the patient positioning device 100, such as,for example, initial angle 600, upper angle 602, neck-positioning module202, arm-positioning bolsters 118 a-118 b, hand grips 120 a-120 b, base102, and patient support 140. According to some embodiments, indexingsystem may comprise a ruler that is coupled to one or more sides ofpatient positioning device 100 that allows the patient positioningdevice to be aligned with a laser for exact positioning of a treatmentbeam with respect to a patient and to patient positioning device 100.

FIG. 3 illustrates a bottom view of patient positioning device 100according to an embodiment. According to some embodiments, base 102 ofpatient positioning device 100 comprises a substantially flat andcouch-indexable substrate to which one or more components of the patientpositioning device 100 may attach. In some embodiments, base 102comprises a radio-translucent material and is shaped to minimizeinteraction with a radiation beam path, such as, for example, anhourglass-type shape. According to some embodiments, an hourglass-typeshape comprises a first end of a width approximately equal to a width ofa second end and comprising a restricted portion in the middle that isof minimal width but still maintains rigidity of the base. According toother embodiments, base 102 comprises any suitable shape that minimizesinteraction with a beam path. For example, when treating a patient, aradiation beam may arrive at an angle to the patient. The restrictedportion of the base 102 may permit a radiation beam to avoid base 102increasing the efficacy of the beam. According to some embodiments, base102 comprises openings 302 that may further decrease weight of base 102and minimize interaction with a radiation beam.

Base 102 may couple to a treatment couch by one or more removable andinterchangeable index bars 230 comprising pins 306 that couple to one ormore receptacles 308 in the under surface of base 102. Similarly,patient stop 140 may couple to a treatment couch 800 (FIG. 8) by indexbars 230, whereby pins 306 couple to one or more receptacles 308 in theunder surface of patient stop 140. Base 102 and patient stop 140 maycouple by index bars 230 to a treatment couch 800 wherein index bar tabs304 couple to similarly shaped slots 802 in the surface of the treatmentcouch 800 so that patient positioning device 100 and patient stop 140are securely and removably coupled to the treatment couch 800 and may berepeatably placed in the same position after the patient positioningdevice 100 and patient stop 140 are removed, as described in more detailbelow.

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary patientpositioning device 110 in an open configuration according to anembodiment.

According to some embodiments, base 102 of patient positioning device100 comprises a substrate to which one or more components may couple,such as the initial-angle support 112, armatures 210 a-210 b, andlower-angle support 102. According to some embodiments, base 102comprises a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer, or any other suitablepolymer, including but not limited to any suitable fiber-reinforcedpolymer, comprising, for example, KEVLAR, fiber glass, hemp, or thelike, including the foregoing sandwiched over a low density core of foamor other suitable material. According to some embodiments, initial-anglepositioning module 112 may couple base 102 to lower patient support 104.According to some embodiments, more than one initial-angle positioningmodules 112 may be used to couple lower patient support 104 to base 102.

For example, patient positioning device 110 may comprise aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising one or more feet 402 thatcouple to corresponding slots 404 in base 102. Although illustrated astwo feet 402 coupling to two slots 404, embodiments contemplate anysuitable number of feet 402 and slots 404, according to particularneeds, or any suitable method for coupling initial-angle support module112 to base 102 and/or lower patient support 104.

Initial-angle support module 112 provides for locking the initial angle600 (FIG. 6) of the patient positioning device 100, such as for example,the angle of the hinge 108 between base 102 and lower patient support104. A therapist positioning a patient on patient positioning device 100may choose an initial-angle support module 112 corresponding to aninitial angle 600 that the therapist determines is suitable for theproper treatment or patient, and places the feet 402 of initial-anglesupport module 112 in slots 404 of base 102. When the patient islowered, the lower surface of the lower patient support 104 restsagainst an upper portion of the initial-angle support module 112 tofirmly hold lower patient support 104 at the desired angle with respectto the base 102. Initial-angle support module 112 may be provided withpatient positioning device in one or more preset angles, such that theinitial angle 600 is chosen by placing an initial-angle support module112 that corresponds with the angle desired. Initial-angle supportmodules 112 may be provided with angles of, for example, 5 degrees, 10degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, or any othersuitable angle. Because the initial-angle support modules 112 comprisepreset angles, changing the initial angle 600 is easy and quick. Thepatient simply sits up or is lifted up and a different initial-anglesupport module 112 is inserted to set the new desired angle.

According to some embodiments, the initial-angle support module 112comprises an adjustable wedge. In these embodiments, the wedge coupleswith base 102 by a series of interlocking channels on the wedge or base102. The wedge may be slideably coupled with these channels such thatthe wedge is movable with respect to base 102, and the lower patientsupport 104 rests on a top portion of the wedge, which adjusts initialangle 600 of the lower patient support 104 with respect to base 102.According to some embodiments, initial angle 600 is increased by slidingthe wedge with respect to the base 102 in a first direction, and initialangle 600 is decreased by sliding the wedge with respect to the base 102in a second direction. According to some embodiments, initial-anglesupport module 112 wedge comprises a non-metallic, plastic, orlow-density non-metallic material. According to some embodiments, thewedge may be secured in a rotated or flipped position such thatdifferent angles of initial angle 600 may be selected with the samewedge. According to some embodiments, initial angle 600 is selected withpins and lateral supports comprising apertures coupled to lower patientsupport 104 and the base 102 as described in more detail in connectionwith the upper-angle positioning module 114 below. According to someembodiments, initial angle 600 may also be set by swapping the wedge toanother size.

According to some embodiments, initial angle 600 is determined by atherapist based on the location or type of tumor present in a patient.For example, prior to a patient being positioned on patient positioningdevice 100, the patient may have already been diagnosed with cancer, andthe general location of the cancer may be known. Accordingly, atherapist may know that when a tumor is present in a breast, aparticular size for an initial-angle positioning module 112 is needed.For a tumor present in the upper lungs, a different size may be needed,such as a substantially flat initial angle 600. Based on the location ofthe tumor, the therapist may create one or more protocols that determinea first initial angle 600 to try for a patient. According toconventional patient positioning devices 100, a therapist may not havebeen able to determine a first initial angle 600 prior to patientpositioning because conventional patient positioning devices 100 lack apositionable upper angle 602 (See FIG. 6). Because of the secondarypositionable upper angle 602, patient positioning device 100 providesfor therapists being able to adjust for individual patient anatomywithout readjusting the initial angle 600. For example, when a patientlies down, the patient's particular anatomy may cause the patient's chinto tuck into their chest. Embodiments of the patient positioning device100 of the current disclosure provide for adjusting the upper patientsupport 106 independently of the lower patient support 104 to move thepatient's chin away from the chest. Similarly, the clavicle of aparticular patient may be in a substantially closed position based on aninitial angle 600 of the lower patient support 104. By adjustment of theupper angle 602, patient positioning device 100 provides for moving thepatient's arms in a clavicle-open position without having to lift thepatient off of the patient positioning device 100. This may beespecially useful for patients with limited mobility or painful joints,or patients who may not otherwise be able to tolerate a particularposition long enough for treatment.

Once the initial angle 600 is set and the patient support is lowereduntil the lower patient support 104 rests on initial-angle supportmodule 112 which is properly placed in base 102, the upper-anglepositioning module 114 may be coupled to armatures 210 a-210 b to setthe upper angle 602.

As discussed above, upper patient support 106 may comprise upper-anglepositioning module 114 that couples upper patient support 106 to one ormore armatures 210 a-210 b.

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate an exemplary upper-angle positioning module 114according to embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates an exemplary upper-angle positioning module 114 withupper-angle lock knob 116 in a locked position. When upper-angle lockknob 116 is in a locked position, pins 212 a-212 b may be in an extendedposition.

FIG. 5B illustrates an exemplary upper-angle positioning module 114 withupper-angle lock knob 116 in an unlocked position. When upper-angle lockknob 116 is in an unlocked position, pins 212 a-212 b may be in aretracted position.

Although upper-angle lock knob 116 and pins 212 a-212 b are illustratedin a particular configuration and with two settings, embodimentscontemplate upper-angle lock knob 116 comprising any number of settings.For example, armatures 210 a-210 b comprise apertures 214 and verticalslot 216. Embodiments contemplate that when upper-angle lock knob 116 isturned to a first position, pins 212 a-212 b may engage with apertures214 so that the pins 212 a-212 b are substantially inserted intoapertures 214 and lock upper patient support 106 in a fixed positionwith respect to armatures 210-210 b. When upper-angle lock knob 116 isturned to a second position, pins 212 a-212 b may retract from apertures214, but remain slidably coupled with vertical slot 216. In this way,upper patient support 106 may be moved up and down in relation to base102 while remaining engaged to armatures 210 a-210 b. Additionally,embodiments contemplate that upper-angle lock knob 116 may be turned toa third position such that pins 212 a-212 b retract more fully and areno longer engaged to apertures 214 or vertical slot 216. In this manner,upper patient support 106 may no longer be coupled to armatures 210a-210 b.

In this manner, upper angle 602 is adjustable through various angles byinsertion of pins 212 a-212 b in higher or lower apertures 214 onarmatures 210 a-210 b. According to some embodiments, armatures 210a-210 b are coupled with base 102 by rotating hinges 220 a-220 b thatprovide for armatures 210 a-210 b to be moved through various angleswith respect to upper patient support 106 and base 102. One or moreadditional attachment mechanisms may couple any suitable upper-anglepositioning module to base 102.

According to some embodiments, handle 222 couples to armatures 210 a-210b and comprises a locking mechanism and/or a synchronization mechanism.According to some embodiments, handle 222 couples pins 212 a-212 b tothe same lateral plane so that the pins 212 a-212 b are substantiallyaligned with corresponding apertures 214 in each of armatures 210 a-210b. Additionally, handle 222 may comprise a sufficiently rigid and strongmaterial such that it can support the weight of patient-positioningdevice 100 when carried by handle 222. According to some embodiments,handle 222 may be used to place patient positioning device 100 in asubstantially flat position. For example, in some embodiments,initial-angle positioning module 112 may be removed and handle 222 maybe used to slide armatures 210 a-210 b away from a perpendicularposition with respect to base 102, so that the lower and upper patientsupports 104-106 lay substantially flat against base 102. According tosome embodiments, upper-angle positioning module 114 may be locked atthe lowest aperture 214 or horizontal slot 218 in armatures 210 a-210 bto secure lower patient support 104 and upper patient support 106 in asubstantially flat position.

According to some embodiments, upper-angle hinge 110 comprises aspring-like action that exerts force to support all or a portion of theweight of upper patient support 106, any attached modules, and/or theportion of a patient's weight that is resting on upper patient support106. This provides for keeping upper patient support 106 in an elevatedposition even when pins 212 a-212 b are not fully engaged with armatures210 a-210 b. According to some embodiments, this provides for easierrepositioning of a patient because the patient may stay reclined on theupper patient support 106 while the therapist raises and/or lower theupper patient support 106. According to some embodiments, this providesfor one-handed repositioning of the upper patient support 106.

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate an exemplary patient positioning device 100 withan assortment of exemplary initial-angle positioning modules 112according to embodiments.

FIG. 6A illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with noinitial-angle support module 112. According to this embodiment, patientpositioning device 100 may comprise a configuration suitable for storageor for a horizontal position of patient. According to this embodiment,lower surfaces of lower patient support 104 and upper patient support106 rest directly on an upper surface of base 102 and angle of hinge 108is approximately zero degrees. In this configuration, upper-angle hinge110 may remain substantially flat and comprise an angle of approximately180 degrees. Upper-angle positioning module 114 may couple armatures 210a-210 b by horizontal slot 218, such that the patient positioning device100 may remain in a substantially flat configuration for treatment orstorage.

FIG. 6B illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising 10 degrees. According tothis embodiment, an initial angle 600 may be set to 10 degrees byinserting the 10 degree initial-angle support module 112 into base 102.Upper-angle 602 may be adjusted by unlocking upper-angle lock knob 116and repositioning pins 212 a-212 b into different apertures 214 ofarmatures 210 a-210 b.

FIG. 6C illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising 15 degrees. According tothis embodiment, an initial angle 600 may be set to 15 degrees byinserting the 15 degree initial-angle support module 112 into base 102.Upper angle 602 may then be adjusted by repositioning pins 212 a-212 binto different apertures 214 of armatures 210 a-210 b.

FIG. 6D illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising 20 degrees. According tothis embodiment, an initial angle 600 may be set to 20 degrees byinserting the 20 degree initial-angle support module 112 into base 102.Upper angle 602 may then be adjusted by repositioning pins 212 a-212 binto different apertures 214 of armatures 210 a-210 b.

Although FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate particular initial-angle support modules112, embodiments contemplate any number or combination of initial-anglesupport modules at any suitable angle according to particular needs.Additionally, although initial angle 600 may be set by initial-anglesupport modules 112, embodiments contemplate any suitable manner ofselecting initial angle 600 including, for example, wedges, armatures,locking mechanism, hinges, or the like.

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an exemplary patient positioning device 100 withvarious upper angle 602 configurations. Once an initial angle 600 is setby initial-angle support module 112, upper angle 602 may be set byrepositioning pins 212 a-212 b into one or more of apertures 214,vertical slot 216, or horizontal slot 218. As discussed above, armatures210 a-210 b may comprise one or more apertures 214 that are configuredto receive pins 212 a-212 b to provide for positioning of upper patientsupport 106. Although armatures 210 a-210 b are illustrated with eightapertures 214 in a substantially vertical configuration, embodimentscontemplate any number or configuration of apertures 214 according toparticular needs.

FIG. 7A illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising 20 degrees and upper-anglesupport module 114 locked in an eighth aperture 214. This provides foran initial angle 600 of 20 degrees and a shallow upper angle 602.

FIG. 7B illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising 20 degrees and upper-anglepositioning module 114 locked in a third aperture 214. This provides foran initial angle 600 of 20 degrees and an increased upper angle 602.

FIG. 7C illustrates a patient positioning device 100 with aninitial-angle support module 112 comprising 20 degrees and upper-anglepositioning module locked in horizontal slot 218. This provides for aninitial angle 600 of 20 degrees and a large upper angle 602.

By adjusting the initial angle 600 and upper angle 602, a patient may bepositioned in various positions that provide for increased patientcomfort and more direct targeting of a target area of patient fortreatment or imaging.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary patient positioning device 100 coupledto an exemplary treatment couch 800 according to an embodiment. Asillustrated treatment couch 800 couples to patient positioning device100 by tabs 304 of index bars 230 by coupling with slots 802 oftreatment couch 800. Although illustrated with particular index bars230, various treatment couches 800 comprise proprietary index bars 230.Embodiments of patient positioning device 100 comprise any suitablecoupling mechanism to reproducibly position patient positioning device100 in substantially the same placement on a treatment couch 800.

In a similar manner, patient stop 140 may couple with one or more indexbars 230 that reproducibly couple patient stop 140 to the same spot of atreatment couch 800. For example, as illustrated patient stop 140 maycomprise nine indexable positions that allow the patient stop 140 to bepositioned in nine positions relative to an index bar 230. This providesfor various ranges of patient positions due to the various body types ofpatients that may need to be treated or imaged. Although patient stop140 is illustrated with nine indexable positions, embodimentscontemplate any suitable number of indexable positions according toparticular needs.

While patient positioning device 100 is securely coupled to treatmentcouch 800 it may be raised and inserted though radiological imager 804.Although patient positioning device 100 is depicted as coupling totreatment couch 800 with tabs 304 and slots 802, embodiments contemplateany suitable coupling between patient positioning device 100 andtreatment couch 800 according to particular needs.

According to some embodiments, patient positioning device 100 comprisesa patient alignment scale 812. Patient alignment scale 812 may comprisea millimetric rule coupled to a side of patient positioning device 100that permits alignment for treatment or imaging. For example, atreatment and/or patient setup room may comprise a laser guide thatprojects a laser on a fixed position in the room in relation to the beamguide. A therapist may align the patient positioning device 100 inrelation to the laser to ensure the target area of the patient isexactly aligned with the treatment beam.

FIG. 9 illustrates a patient receiving radiological imaging on patientpositioning device 100. According to embodiments, a patient may beplaced inside of radiological imager 804 to image any cancer, tumor, orother area of investigation inside a patient's body.

A patient may be positioned on patient positioning device 100 with thepatient's arms resting on arm bolsters 118 a-118 b and hands grippinghand grips 120 a-120 b. Patient may be placed inside radiological imager804 to image any internal condition. After imaging is completed, atechnician may note the precise positioning of the patient and recordeach of the indexed points of patient positioning device 100 and anyattached modules. In this manner, patient may be repositioned insubstantially the same position for treatment of any disease detectedduring imaging.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary immobilization mask module 1000according to an embodiment. Immobilization mask module 1000 may be usedto couple one or more accessories, including an immobilization mask 1100(FIG. 11), to patient positioning device 100. Immobilization mask module1000 may comprise clip 1002, mask module base 1004, toe blocks 1006a-1006 b, retainers 1008 a-1008 b, and safety strap 1010. Immobilizationmask module 1000 and each of clip 1002, mask module base 1004, toeblocks 1006 a-1006 b, retainers 1008 a-1008 b, and safety strap 1010 maybe comprised of thin and low-density materials that are low attenuatingto an imaging or treatment beam.

Mask module base 1004 may comprise a carbon fiber-reinforced compositewith a foam core that couples to upper patient support 106 by one ormore positioning holes 204. As will be discussed in more detail below,mask module base 1004 may be constructed of any suitable materials thatare radiotranslucent and/or safe for magnetic resonance imaging (MRsafe).

Clip 1002 of immobilization mask module 1000 may comprise a retainingstructure that couples an immobilization mask 1100 (or other accessory)to immobilization mask module 1000. Clip 1002 may comprise a U-shapedmember that is shaped so that the two terminals 1200 a-1200 b (FIG. 12)on the first end of the clip 1002 couple with toe blocks 1006 a-1006 band a center portion 1108 on the second end of the clip 1002 couple withretainers 1008 a-1008 b. According to an embodiment, clip 1002 comprisesa thin carbon fiber-reinforced composite member that exerts sufficientforce to hold an immobilization mask 1100 (or other accessory) toimmobilization mask module 1000.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary immobilization mask 1100 coupled toimmobilization mask module 1000 according to embodiment. Immobilizationmask 1100 may comprise a rigid or semi-rigid immobilization mask 1100that holds a patient's face in a substantially immobile position.Immobilization mask 1100 may be used for patients that cannot lie flatand may be used for head and neck cancers when those patients cannottolerate a horizontal position due to mobility or health issues, fluidin the lungs being a common cause. Immobilization mask 1100 may couplewith mask module base 1004 and may be adjusted to place patient on upperpatient support 106 according to patient size and clinical requirementsdetermined by an operator. Immobilization mask 110 may also be usefulfor optimizing and creating a more accurate, reproducible andimmobilized head and neck position during treatment or imaging,including a more accurate chin location.

According to embodiments, immobilization mask 1100 comprises aninitially pliable material that may be formed to the shape of apatient's face and then hardened (by, for example, temperature, light,or other such hardening techniques) to hold such shape. For example,immobilization mask 1100 may comprise a thermoplastic material thatbecomes shapeable in a hot air oven or hot water bath. After becomingshapeable, immobilization mask 1100 is formed to a patient who isreclining on patient positioning device 100 in a desired position. Asthe temperature cools, immobilization mask 1100 sets and/or hardens andmaintains the shape of the face of the patient in the desired location.Immobilization mask 1100 may be indexed to the immobilization maskmodule 1000 and the upper patient support 106 (such as by positioningholes 206) and as explained in more detail below.

Immobilization mask 1100 may couple with the mask module base 1004 byclip 1002 that retains mask tab 1104. Mask tab 1104 may comprise anouter circumference of immobilization mask 1100 that is placed betweenclip 1002 and mask module base 1004 to hold immobilization mask 1100securely to immobilization mask module 1000. According to an embodiment,clip 1002 comprises one or more contact points 1102 that exert pressureon mask tab 1104 that retain immobilization mask 1100 securely againstmask module base 1004. Clip 1002 may additionally comprise one or moreraised surfaces 1106 interposed between one or more of the contactpoints 1102 to provide flexion between contact points 1102 so thatcontact points 1102 may exert sufficient pressure on mask tab 1004 tosecure mask 1100 to immobilization mask module 1000.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary clip 1002,immobilization mask 1100, and mask module 1000 according to anembodiment. Immobilization mask 1100 is illustrated in a substantiallyflat configuration, which illustrates how immobilization mask 1100 mayappear prior to shaping to a patient's face.

Immobilization mask 1100 may be coupled and indexed to mask module 1000by one or more mask pins 1202 of mask module base 1104. Mask pins 1202may align and couple with mask tab holes 1204 in mask tab 1104 to secureand locate mask 1100 on mask module base 1104. This feature provides formask 1100 to be lifted off, repositioned, and removed quickly andquietly, minimizing patient discomfort.

FIGS. 13A-13B illustrate an exemplary clip 1002 coupled with anexemplary immobilization mask module 1000 according to embodiments.

FIG. 13A illustrates clip 1002 comprising four contact points 1102 andtwo raised surfaces 1106. Although clip 1002 is illustrated with fourcontact points 1102 and two raised surfaces 1106, embodimentscontemplate any suitable number of contact points 1102 and raisedsurfaces 1106 according to particular needs. To secure immobilizationmask 1100 (or another accessory) to immobilization mask module 1000,mask tab 1004 may be sandwiched between clip 1002 and mask module base1004. The two terminals 1200 a-1200 b on a first end of clip 1002 aresecured by toe blocks 1006 a-1006 b, and a center portion 1108 issecured by retainers 1008 a-1008 b. In this manner, clip 1002 provides aspring force that holds immobilization mask 1100 (or another accessory)to mask module base 1004. Clip 1002 may couple objects as thin as asheet of paper and at least as thick as 0.375 inches securely to thebase. Clip 1002 may comprise any suitable material, such as a carbonfiber-reinforced composite, and is shaped in such a way that pressing itinto retainer clips causes one or more contact points 1002 to hold anaccessory securely against the base. According to some embodiments, clip1002 may comprise KEVLAR fabric with any resin or polymer substrate, orany other suitable material. Embodiments of clip 1002 have beendemonstrated to retain holding force and not wear out through manycycles. Clip 1002 is also beneficially thin and homogeneous, whicheliminates extraneous structures in the board at the points where theimmobilization mask 1100 couples with mask module 1000. Such structuresmay interfere or attenuate radiation beams.

FIG. 13B illustrates clip 1002 secured against mask module base 1004according to an embodiment. Retainers 1008 a-1008 b are rotatable inrelation to mask module base 1004 to which they may be coupled. As clip1002 is pressed downward toward mask module base 1004, retainers 1008a-1008 b may be rotated so that an extension 1300 is above a centerportion 1108 of clip 1002. Extensions 1300 of retainers 1008 a-1008 bengage with center portion 1108 of clip 1002 to secure mask tab 1104between clip 1002 and mask module base 1004. Although mask module base1004 is illustrated with two retainers 1008 a-1008 b, embodimentscontemplate any suitable number of retainers according to particularneeds.

Safety strap 1010 may also aid in securing clip 1002 to mask module base1004. Safety strap 1010 may comprise any suitable flexible material,such as nylon or some other fabric, that couples clip 1002 to maskmodule base 1004. Safety strap 1010 may provide additional security tocouple clip 1002 to mask module base 1004 if one or more retainers 1008a-1008 b become disengaged. Safety strap 1010 may couple to a protrusion1302 of clip 1002 and be secured with a strap clip 1304. Safety strap1010 may couple to clip 1002 and mask module base 1004 by, for example,hook and loop fastener, one or more clips, adhesive, or any suitablefastener.

Returning to FIG. 12, connectors for coupling mask module base 1104 toupper patient support 106 are disclosed, According to some embodiments,mask module base 1004 comprises recesses 1206. Recesses 1206 areconfigured to receive wedge 1208, which couples knob 1210 through maskmodule base 1104. Knobs 1210 may couple with positioning holes 206 inupper patient support 106. When a knob 1210 is coupled with wedge 1208and pressure is exerted on top of wedge 1208, the bottom portion of knob1210 expands. When knobs 1210 are coupled with positioning holes 206 andthe bottom portion of knobs 1210 expands, mask module 1000 may besecurely coupled to upper patient support 106. By securely coupling maskmodule 1000 to upper patient support 106 by knobs 1210, mask module 1000is prevented from lifting off from upper patient support if a patientwere to lift his or her head up while positioned on mask module 1000.Although wedge 1208 and knob 1210 are illustrated as coupling maskmodule base 1004 to upper patient support 106, embodiments contemplatewedge 1208 and knob 1210 used to fasten any suitable module or portionof patient positioning device 100. Additionally, although mask module1000 is illustrated as securing to upper patient support 106 by knobs1210 inserted into positioning holes 206, embodiments contemplate anysuitable fasteners according to particular needs.

Mask module base 1004 may further comprise neck module pins 1212 Neckmodule pins 1212 may provide for coupling one or more accessories tomask module 1000, such as neck module 202. Neck module 202 may couple tomask module 1000 by neck module pins 1212 coupling with neck moduleholes 1400 (FIG. 14) by aligning neck module pins 1212 within neckmodule holes 1400. Although neck module 202 is illustrated with threepairs of neck module holes 1400 and mask module 1000 is illustrated witha single set of neck module pins 1212, embodiments contemplate anysuitable number of neck module holes and neck module pins, according toparticular needs. Additionally, any suitable fastener may be used tocouple neck module 202 to mask module 1000 according to particularneeds.

FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate a top view of an exemplary neck module 202coupled to an exemplary immobilization mask module 1000 according toembodiments.

FIG. 14A illustrates neck module 202 coupled with immobilization maskmodule 1000 and patient positioning module 100 in a first position. Asillustrated, neck module 202 and/or immobilization mask module 1000 maybe placed in a position near upper-angle positioning module, which mayplace a patient's head and neck close to the forward portion of patientpositioning device 100. Neck module holes 1400 may be coupled to neckmodule pins 1212 of immobilization mask module 1000, which is, in turn,coupled by knobs 1210 to one or more positioning holes 206 in upperpatient support 106 that are nearest to upper-angle positioning module114.

FIG. 14B illustrates neck module 202 coupled with immobilization maskmodule 1000 and patient positioning module 100 in a second position. Asillustrated, neck module 202 and/or immobilization mask module 1000 maybe placed in a position midway between upper-angle positioning moduleand lower patient support 104, which may place a patient's head and neckclose to a middle portion of patient positioning device 100. Neck moduleholes 1400 may be coupled to neck module pins 1212 of immobilizationmask module 1000, which is, in turn, coupled by knobs 1210 to one ormore positioning holes 206 in upper patient support 106 that are midwaybetween upper-angle positioning module 114 and lower patient support104.

FIG. 14C illustrates neck module 202 coupled with immobilization maskmodule 1000 and patient positioning module 100 in a third position. Asillustrated, neck module 202 and/or immobilization mask module 1000 maybe placed in a position near lower patient support 104, which may placea patient's head and neck closer to the bottom portion of patientpositioning device 100. Neck module holes 1400 may be coupled to neckmodule pins 1212 of immobilization mask module 1000, which is, in turn,coupled by knobs 1210 to one or more positioning holes 206 in upperpatient support 106 that are furthest from upper-angle positioningmodule 114.

Although the coupling mechanisms described with respect to thepatient-positioning device have been described, embodiments contemplateany suitable coupling of components such as with adhesive, a weld joint,a solder joint, a fastener (e.g. a bolt and a nut, a screw, a clip, arivet, a pin, hook and loop fastener, and/or the like), washers,retainers, straps, wrapping, wiring, and any combination of theforegoing. Additionally, although features of the patient-positioningdevice are described as being separable, embodiments contemplate anyfeature being composed of more than one piece or multiple features beingcombined into a single piece, according to particular needs.

Although specific materials for each of the features of the presentdisclosure have been presented, embodiments contemplate various types ofmaterials or combinations thereof that can readily be formed into shapedobjects provided that the materials selected are consistent with theintended operation of the patient-positioning device. For example, thecomponents may be formed of: rubbers (synthetic and/or natural);polymers, such as thermoplastics and thermosets; composites, such ascarbon-fiber; metals; alloys; any other suitable material; and/or anycombination of the foregoing.

According to embodiments, patient positioning device 100 comprisesMR-safe materials, such that various materials used in the constructionof patient positioning device 100 may be substituted for other optionalmaterials. For example, according to an embodiment, screws used tofasten hinge 108 or upper-angle positioning module 114 may be made frommetallic materials. According to an MR-Safe embodiment, screws may bemade of non-metallic materials. Additionally, conductive materials (suchas carbon fiber) may be substituted for non-conductive materials (suchas Kevlar®).

Reference in the foregoing specification to “one embodiment”, “anembodiment”, or “another embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearancesof the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specificationare not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

While the exemplary embodiments have been shown and described, it willbe understood that various changes and modifications to the foregoingembodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of radiation therapy, comprising:providing a radiological therapy device; providing a patient positioningdevice, comprising: a base; and a patient support surface coupled to thebase, the patient support surface comprising: a lower patient supporthingedly coupled to the base; and an upper patient support hingedlycoupled to the lower patient support; an angle between the lower patientsupport and the upper patient support is adjustable by single-handedoperation independently of an angle between the lower patient supportand the base; wherein the upper support surface hingedly couples to thelower patient support surface by a substantially flat hinge that forms acontinuous upper surface with an upper surface of the lower patientsupport and an upper surface of the upper patient support; wherein thehinge is molded at an angle greater than the angle between the lowerpatient support and the upper patient support when the upper patientsupport comprises a locked state such that the upper patient supportcomprises a spring action that elevates the upper patient support whenthe upper patient support comprises an unlocked state; placing a patienton the patient positioning device; and initiating the radiologicaltherapy device.
 2. The patient positioning device of claim 1, whereinthe hinge comprises a fiber-reinforced composite.
 3. The patientpositioning device of claim 2, wherein the hinge comprises a thicknessless than five millimeters.
 4. The patient positioning device of claim3, further comprising: an upper-angle positioning module coupled to theupper patient support; the upper-angle positioning module slideablycouples with one or more armatures; and the one or more armaturescomprising one or more apertures configured to receive one or more pinsof the upper-angle positioning module.
 5. The patient positioning deviceof claim 4, wherein the one or more pins couple with the one or morearmatures in a first position that anchors the upper patient support ata first angle relative to the lower patient support; and the one or morepins couple with the one or more armatures in a second position thatanchors the upper patient support at a second angle relative to thelower patient support.
 6. The patient positioning device of claim 5,further comprising: an initial-angle positioning module.
 7. The patientpositioning device of claim 6, wherein the initial-angle positioningmodule comprises a wedge that removably couples with the base.
 8. Apatient positioning device for radiation therapy, comprising: a base;and a patient support coupled to the base, the patient supportcomprising: a lower patient support hingedly coupled to the base; anupper patient support hingedly coupled to the lower patient support byan upper-angle hinge comprising a continuous upper layer that extendsfrom a portion of the lower patient support across a flex point into aportion of the upper patient support, wherein an angle of the flex pointof the upper-angle hinge when molded is greater than an angle of theflex point when the upper patient support comprises a locked state suchthat the upper-angle hinge comprises a spring action that elevates theupper patient support when the upper patient support comprises anunlocked state; and an upper-angle positioning module coupled to theupper patient support and providing single-handed operation to adjustthe upper patient support between the locked state and the unlockedstate.
 9. The patient positioning device of claim 8, wherein the portionof the lower patient support and the portion of the upper patientsupport coupled by the upper-angle hinge are molded as a unitarycomponent.
 10. The patient positioning device of claim 9, wherein theupper-angle hinge comprises a fiber-reinforced composite.
 11. Thepatient positioning device of claim 10, wherein the upper-angle hingecomprises filaments that extend from the portion of the lower patientsupport, through the flex point of the upper-angle hinge, and into theportion of the upper patient support.
 12. The patient positioning deviceof claim 11, further comprising: the upper-angle positioning moduleslideably couples with one or more armatures; and the one or morearmatures are coupled with the base and comprise one or more aperturesconfigured to receive one or more pins of the upper-angle positioningmodule.
 13. The patient positioning device of claim 12, wherein the oneor more pins couple with the one or more armatures in a first positionthat anchors the upper patient support at a first angle relative to thelower patient support; and the one or more pins couple with the one ormore armatures in a second position that anchors the upper patientsupport at a second angle relative to the lower patient support.
 14. Thepatient positioning device of claim 13, further comprising: aninitial-angle positioning module.
 15. The patient positioning device ofclaim 14, wherein the initial-angle positioning module comprises a wedgethat removably couples with the base.
 16. A patient positioning device,comprising: a first patient support coupled with a second patientsupport; the first patient support is coupled to a base; an anglebetween the first patient support and the second patient support isadjustable by single-handed operation independently of an angle betweenthe first patient support and the base; a hinge couples the firstpatient support to the second patient support and forms a continuousupper layer and extends from a portion of the first patient support intoa portion of the second patient support; wherein the hinge is molded atan angle greater than the angle between the first patient support andthe second patient support when the second patient support comprises alocked state such that the second patient support comprises a springaction that elevates the second patient support when the second patientsupport comprises an unlocked state.
 17. The patient positioning deviceof claim 16, wherein the base couples to a treatment couch.
 18. Thepatient positioning device of claim 17, wherein the hinge and theportion of the first patient support and the portion of the secondpatient support coupled by the hinge are molded as a unitary component.19. The patient positioning device of claim 18, wherein the hingecomprises a fiber-reinforced composite.
 20. The patient positioningdevice of claim 19, wherein the hinge comprises filaments that extendfrom the portion of the first patient support, through a flex point ofthe hinge, and into the portion of the second patient support.
 21. Thepatient positioning device of claim 20, wherein a face immobilizationmodule couples to one or more of the first and second patient supports.22. The patient positioning device of claim 21, wherein a faceimmobilization mask couples with the face immobilization module by aU-shaped clip; and the U-shaped clip is secured by one or more retainersand one or more toe blocks.